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Spectrum: Autism Research News

Genetics: Study further implicates rare CNVs in autism

by  /  2 May 2012
THIS ARTICLE IS MORE THAN FIVE YEARS OLD

This article is more than five years old. Autism research — and science in general — is constantly evolving, so older articles may contain information or theories that have been reevaluated since their original publication date.

Principal pathway: Mutations in genes that function at the junctions between neurons are more common in individuals with autism than in controls.

Individuals with autism are more likely than controls to have small, rare duplications or deletions of stretches of DNA in genes that play a role in dampening signals in the brain, according to a study published 2 April in Molecular Autism1.

Several studies in the past few years have shown that copy number variations (CNVs), duplications or deletions of DNA regions, are more common in individuals with autism compared with controls. The technology used to identify these regions generally detects CNVs that are longer than 10 kilobases.

To hone in on smaller, rare CNVs, researchers in the new study targeted genes that have been previously linked to autism: 24 receptors for the chemical messenger gamma-aminobutyric acid, or GABA, 19 GABA-associated genes and 19 other autism candidate genes, such as SHANK3, NRXN1 and CNTNAP2. By focusing on certain genes instead of the whole genome, they were able to increase the resolution of the assay within the targeted genes.

The researchers looked for CNVs in the targeted genes in 168 individuals with autism and 149 controls. They then sequenced any genes in which they found a CNV in another 755 individuals with autism and 1,809 unaffected family members.

Individuals with autism are more likely than controls to have rare small deletions in NRXN1 and NLGN4Y, which code for proteins that play a role at the synapse, the junction between neurons, and in the oxytocin receptor gene, the study found. Each of these genes has previously been associated with autism.

The researchers also found rare deletions in JAKMIP1 and ABAT, two genes that code for proteins that may regulate GABA signaling.

References:

1: Hedges D.J. et al. Mol. Autism 3, 2 (2012) PubMed